Various CRS projections for use with {sf} plots in {ggplot2}

A ready reckoner for different projections that we can plot the World, Continents and Countries with using {ggplot2} in R.

{sf}
CRS projections
Author

Aditya Dahiya

Published

December 14, 2024

A Table of various Projections

No. Projection Name EPSG /ESRI Code Example & coord_sf() code Description Use Case
1 WGS 84 (Geographic) 4326

Figure 1

EPSG:4326

 Default geographic coordinate system using latitude and longitude. Working with raw geographic coordinates.
2 Web Mercator 3857

Figure 2

EPSG:3857

 Used by most web mapping services like Google Maps, OpenStreetMap. Visualizing data on interactive maps or raster tiles.
3 UTM Zone 33N 32633

Figure 3

EPSG:32633

 Universal Transverse Mercator for Zone 33 North (WGS 84). Detailed mapping with minimal distortion for Zone 33N.
4 UTM Zone 33S 32733

Figure 4

EPSG:32733

 Universal Transverse Mercator for Zone 33 South (WGS 84). Detailed mapping with minimal distortion for Zone 33S.
5 NAD83 4269

Figure 5

EPSG:4269

 North American Datum 1983. Standard for North American datasets.
6 ETRS89 / LAEA Europe 3035

Figure 6

EPSG:3035

 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection for Europe. Mapping datasets across Europe with minimal area distortion.
7 WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator 3857

Figure 7

EPSG:3857

 Similar to Web Mercator but suited for global-scale applications. Quick global visualizations and compatibility with tile layers.
8 Albers Equal Area 5070

Figure 8

EPSG:5070

 Albers Equal Area for continental-scale datasets in the US. US-focused analysis with equal-area properties.
9 Lambert Conformal Conic 102004 (ESRI)

Figure 9

ESRI:102004

 Projection widely used for mapping in the US. Regional analysis and thematic mapping in North America.
10 Mollweide 54009 (ESRI)

Figure 10

ESRI:54009

 Equal-area pseudocylindrical projection for global maps. Global-scale thematic maps with equal area representation.
11 Robinson 54030 (ESRI)

Figure 11

ESRI:54030

 A compromise projection for visually pleasing world maps. World maps for general use, emphasizing aesthetics.
12 Sinusoidal 54008 (ESRI)

Figure 12

ESRI:54008

 Pseudocylindrical equal-area projection. Global-scale analysis with equal-area properties.
13 Bonne 54024 (ESRI)

Figure 13

ESRI:54024

 Equal-area projection, often used for continents. Regional mapping with minimized distortion.
14 World Van der Grinten I 54029 (ESRI)

Figure 14

ESRI:54029

 Projection displaying the entire world in a circular format. Aesthetic and general-purpose world maps.
15 Plate Carrée 32662

Figure 15

EPSG:32662

 Simple projection with equally spaced latitudes and longitudes. Basic visualization of geographic data.
16 Transverse Mercator 4326

Figure 16

EPSG:4326

 Cylindrical projection ideal for mapping narrow regions. Regional and local-scale mapping (often used with UTM zones).
17 North Pole Stereographic 3413

Figure 17

EPSG:3413

 Stereographic projection for mapping the Arctic region. Mapping polar data in the Arctic with minimal distortion.
18 South Pole Stereographic 3031

Figure 18

EPSG:3031

 Stereographic projection for mapping the Antarctic region. Mapping polar data in the Antarctic with minimal distortion.
19 Interrupted Goode Homolosine 54052 (ESRI)

Figure 19

ESRI:54052

 Composite projection for minimal distortion of landmasses. Global mapping that emphasizes land area accuracy.
20 Krovak 5514

Figure 20

EPSG:5514

 Projection widely used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mapping datasets specific to these regions.
21 Asia North Lambert Conformal 102026 (ESRI)

Figure 21

ESRI:102026

 Lambert Conformal projection for northern Asia. Mapping datasets across northern Asia.
22 Australia Albers 3577

Figure 22

EPSG:3577

 Equal-area projection for Australia. Regional mapping of Australia with minimized area distortion.

Setting up the basic code, libraries and getting world map data

Code 
library(tidyverse)          # Data wrangling
library(sf)                 # Simple Features in R
library(rnaturalearth)      # Map data

world <- ne_countries(
  scale = "medium",
  returnclass = "sf"
) |> 
  select(name, name_long, 
         iso_a2, iso_a3, 
         geometry, continent)

Details on different projections, their usage, examples and code

1. WGS 84 (Geographic)

The WGS 84 projection, identified by EPSG:4326, is the default geographic coordinate system used for latitude and longitude. It is the most common system for raw geographic data and is widely used in GPS devices and mapping applications. This projection is excellent for datasets that involve global coverage but does not preserve area, shape, or distance due to its geographic nature.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = world) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:4326"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "WGS 84 (Geographic) Projection",
    subtitle = "EPSG:4326. Default geographic coordinate system using latitude and longitude."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_1.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 1: WGS 84 (Geographic) Projection

2. Web Mercator

The Web Mercator projection, represented by EPSG:3857, is widely used by web mapping platforms like Google Maps and OpenStreetMap. It is a conformal projection, meaning it preserves angles but distorts area, especially near the poles. It is best suited for interactive maps or raster tiles for visualizing data at various zoom levels.

Note

Antarctica cannot be plotted with Web Mercator projection, as it become hugely elongated. Must remove Antarctica before plotting in Web Mercator.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world |> 
      filter(name != "Antarctica")
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3857"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Web Mercator Projection",
    subtitle = "EPSG:3857. Best for interactive Maps; preserves angles."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_2.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 2: Web Mercator Projection

3. UTM Zone 33N

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 33N, identified by EPSG:32633, is a projection system designed for mapping specific regions with minimal distortion. UTM divides the world into 6° longitudinal zones, and Zone 33N is suited for areas within its coverage, typically in Europe. It is ideal for regional-scale analysis and detailed mapping.

Note

In order to be able to use xlim = c(-20, 45), and ylim = c(33, 70) within the coord_sf(), to focus on Europe, we must use default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326). The deafult_crs argument tells the ggplot2 that the limits’ numbers are mentioned in which CRS system. And, the 4326 CRS is the default longitude-latitude CRS system.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world |> 
      filter(continent == "Europe")
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:32633"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "UTM Zone 33N Projection: For Europe",
    subtitle = "Minimal distortion for European Region."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_3_1.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)

g <- world |> 
  filter(continent == "Europe") |> 
  filter(!(name %in% c("Russia", "Iceland"))) |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(label = name),
    check_overlap = TRUE,
    size = 1.5
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:32633",
    xlim = c(-20, 45),
    ylim = c(33, 70),
    default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "UTM Zone 33N Projection: For Europe",
    subtitle = "After removing Russia and setting xlim & ylim"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_3.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)

Figure 3: UTM Zone 33N Projection

4. UTM Zone 33S

The UTM Zone 33S, associated with EPSG:32733, is similar to Zone 33N but designed for the southern hemisphere. It minimizes distortion within its zone and is widely used for detailed mapping in areas south of the equator within its longitudinal range. It is particularly useful for engineering and cadastral surveys. Area of use: Between 12°E and 18°E, southern hemisphere between 80°S and equator, onshore and offshore. Angola. Congo. Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(name %in% c("Angola", "Congo", "Dem. Rep. Congo",
                     "Namibia")) |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(label = name),
    check_overlap = TRUE,
    size = 4
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:32733",
    clip = "off"
    ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "UTM Zone 33S Projection",
    subtitle = "For Southern Hemisphere: Africa"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_4.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 4: UTM Zone 33S Projection

5. NAD83

The North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), identified by EPSG:4269, is a standard reference system used across North America. It serves as the foundation for many regional and national mapping projects in the US and Canada. This projection ensures compatibility with datasets collected in the region.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(continent == "North America") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(
      label = name,
      size = as.numeric(st_area(geometry))
    ),
    check_overlap = TRUE
  ) +
  scale_size(range = c(0.75, 3)) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:4269",
    clip = "on",
    xlim = c(-160, -40),
    default_crs = st_crs(4326)
    ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) Projection",
    subtitle = "For Canada and USA"
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.position = "none"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_5.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 5: NAD83 Projection

6. ETRS89 / LAEA Europe

The ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection, represented by EPSG:3035, is optimized for mapping datasets across Europe. It preserves area relationships, making it suitable for thematic maps like population density or land use. This projection is commonly used in European Union projects and cross-country analyses.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(continent == "Europe") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(label = name),
    check_overlap = TRUE,
    size = 1.5
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3035",
    xlim = c(-15, 45),
    ylim = c(33, 70),
    default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "ETRS89 / LAEA Europe Projection",
    subtitle = "European Union projects"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_6.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 6: ETRS89 / LAEA Europe Projection

7. WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator

The WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator projection, also known as EPSG:3857, is closely related to the Web Mercator projection. It is designed for global-scale applications and is widely used for compatibility with web mapping platforms. This projection simplifies visualization but does not preserve distances or areas accurately.

Note

Antarctica cannot be plotted with Web Mercator projection, as it become hugely elongated. Must remove Antarctica before plotting in Web Mercator.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = world |> 
            filter(name != "Antarctica")) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3857"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator Projection (EPSG:3857)",
    subtitle = "Simplifies visualization but does not preserve distances or areas accurately."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_7.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 7: WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator Projection

8. Albers Equal Area

The Albers Equal Area projection, identified by EPSG:5070, is particularly useful for mapping datasets across the United States. This projection preserves area relationships, making it suitable for applications like land-use planning or resource management. It is often used in environmental studies and thematic mapping.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  # filter(name == "United States of America") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    fill = NA
  ) +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(label = name),
    check_overlap = TRUE,
    size = 1.5
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:5070",
    # xlim = c(-15, 45),
    # ylim = c(33, 70),
    # default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "Albers Equal Area Projection",
    subtitle = "For mainland USA"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_8.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)

g <- world |> 
  filter(name == "United States of America") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(label = name),
    check_overlap = TRUE,
    size = 4
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:5070",
    xlim = c(-125, -67),
    ylim = c(25, 53),
    default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "Albers Equal Area Projection",
    subtitle = "Focussing on mainland USA"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_8_2.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)

Albers Equal Area Projection

Albers Equal Area Projection
Figure 8: Albers Equal Area Projection

9. Lambert Conformal Conic (ESRI)

The Lambert Conformal Conic projection, represented by ESRI:102004, is a conformal projection widely used for mapping in North America. It minimizes distortion for regions with east-west orientation. This projection is often employed for regional-scale thematic mapping and analysis.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(continent == "North America") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    fill = NA
  ) +
  geom_sf_text(
    mapping = aes(
      label = name,
      size = as.numeric(st_area(geometry))
    ),
    check_overlap = TRUE
  ) +
  scale_size(range = c(0.5, 3)) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:102004",
    xlim = c(-160, -40),
    ylim = c(5, 85),
    default_crs = sf::st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    x = NULL, y = NULL,
    title = "Lambert Conformal Conic Projection",
    subtitle = "For mapping North America. Minimizes East-West distortion"
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.position = "none",
    plot.title.position = "plot"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_9.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 9: Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

10. Mollweide (ESRI)

The Mollweide projection, identified by ESRI:54009, is an equal-area pseudo-cylindrical projection. It is ideal for global-scale thematic maps, such as climate or population density maps, where preserving area relationships is important. Its elliptical shape makes it visually distinct and effective for representing the entire world.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54009"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Mollweide Projection (ESRI:54009)",
    subtitle = "For world maps, preserving area-relationships"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_10.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 10: Mollweide Projection

11. Robinson (ESRI)

The Robinson projection, represented by ESRI:54030, is a compromise projection designed to create visually appealing world maps. It strikes a balance between distortion of shape, area, and distance, making it suitable for general-purpose global mapping. It is widely used in atlases and educational materials.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54030"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Robinson Projection (ESRI:54030)",
    subtitle = "General purpose, visually appealing global maps."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_11.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 11: Robinson Projection

12. Sinusoidal (ESRI)

The Sinusoidal projection, identified by ESRI:54008, is an equal-area projection that is widely used for global-scale analysis. It is particularly effective for thematic maps showing area distribution, such as land cover or climate zones. Its straightforward representation of meridians makes it easy to interpret.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54008"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Sinusoidal Projection (ESRI:54008)",
    subtitle = "An equal area projection, meridians are easier to interpret."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_12.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 12: Sinusoidal Projection

13. Bonne (ESRI)

The Bonne projection, represented by ESRI:54024, is an equal-area projection often used for mapping continents. It minimizes area distortion while maintaining a pleasing, compact layout. It is suitable for thematic maps where regional relationships are critical.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54024"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Bonne Projection (ESRI:54024)",
    subtitle = "An equal area projection, with focus on regional relationships."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_13.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 13: Bonne Projection

14. World Van der Grinten I (ESRI)

The World Van der Grinten I projection, identified by ESRI:54029, displays the entire world in a circular format. It offers an aesthetically pleasing view of global datasets, though it sacrifices accuracy in terms of area and shape. It is often used for decorative or general-purpose maps.

Note

The World Van der Grinten I projection, being circular, significantly expands Antarctica. SO it is best not to plot Antarctica with a world map in this projection.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world |> 
      filter(name != "Antarctica")
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54029"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "World Van der Grinten Projection (ESRI:54029)",
    subtitle = "An aesthetically pleasing, circular decorative World Map."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_14.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 14: World Van der Grinten I Projection

15. Plate Carrée

The Plate Carrée projection, represented by EPSG:32662, is one of the simplest projections with equally spaced latitudes and longitudes. It is easy to work with but distorts area and shape significantly away from the equator. It is suitable for visualizing raw geographic data.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:32662"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Plate Carrée Projection (EPSG:32662)",
    subtitle = "For working with Raw data. Has equally spaced latitudes and longitudes."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_15.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 15: Plate Carrée Projection

16. Transverse Mercator

The Transverse Mercator projection, associated with EPSG:4326, is a cylindrical projection ideal for narrow regions. It minimizes distortion along the central meridian, making it widely used for mapping zones like UTM. It is often employed in engineering and cadastral surveys.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:4326"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Transverse Mercator Projection (EPSG:4326)",
    subtitle = "Cylindrical Projection."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_16.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 16: Transverse Mercator Projection

17. North Pole Stereographic

The North Pole Stereographic projection, identified by EPSG:3413, is designed for mapping the Arctic region. It minimizes distortion near the pole, making it suitable for polar datasets, including sea ice and Arctic biodiversity.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world,
    fill = "grey80",
    alpha = 0.3
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3413",
    ylim = c(50, 90),
    xlim = c(-180, 180),
    default_crs = st_crs(4326),
    clip = "on"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "North Pole Stereographic Projection (EPSG:3413)",
    subtitle = "For mapping the Arctic Region."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_17.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 17: North Pole Stereographic Projection

18. South Pole Stereographic

The South Pole Stereographic projection, represented by EPSG:3031, is specifically designed for mapping the Antarctic region. It preserves the geometric properties near the pole and is commonly used for research on Antarctic ice sheets and ecosystems.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world |> 
      filter(name == "Antarctica")
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3031",
    # ylim = c(-90, -60),
    # xlim = c(-180, 180),
    # default_crs = st_crs(4326)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "South Pole Stereographic Projection (EPSG:3031)",
    subtitle = "For mapping the Antarctic Region."
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_18.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 18: South Pole Stereographic Projection

19. Interrupted Goode Homolosine (ESRI)

The Interrupted Goode Homolosine projection, identified by EPSG:54052, is a composite projection designed to minimize distortion of landmasses. It is particularly effective for global mapping that emphasizes land area accuracy and is often used in environmental studies.

Note

This interrupted composite projection severely distorts and pulls apart Greenland and Antarctica, so avoid plotting them with this projection.

Code 
g <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = world |> 
      filter(!(name %in% c("Greenland", "Antarctica")))
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:54052"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Interrupted Goode Homolosine Projection (ESRI:4326)",
    subtitle = "Composite Projection. Minimzes distortion of landmasses"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_19.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 19: Interrupted Goode Homolosine Projection

20. Krovak

The Krovak projection, associated with EPSG:5514, is widely used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is tailored to their geographic extents, ensuring minimal distortion for regional applications. It is ideal for cadastral and engineering projects in these areas.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(name %in% c("Czechia", "Slovakia")) |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  geom_sf_text(
    aes(label = name)
  ) +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:5514"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Krovak Projection (EPSG:5514)",
    subtitle = "Used for Czechia and Slovakia, for minimal distortion in those regions"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_20.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 20: Krovak Projection

21. Asia North Lambert Conformal (ESRI)

The Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic projection, identified by ESRI:102026, is designed for northern Asia. It is suitable for mapping datasets across this vast region with minimal distortion. It is commonly used in regional studies and thematic mapping.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(continent == "Asia" | name == "Russia") |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "ESRI:102026"
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Asia North Lambert Conformal Projection",
    subtitle = "Used for plotting Northern Asia within minimal distortion"
  ) +
  theme(
    plot.title.position = "plot"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_21.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 21: Asia North Lambert Conformal Projection

22. Australia Albers

The Australia Albers projection, represented by EPSG:3577, is an equal-area projection optimized for Australia. It minimizes area distortion and is commonly used for environmental studies and resource management across the continent.

Code 
g <- world |> 
  filter(name %in% c("Australia")) |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf() +
  coord_sf(
    crs = "EPSG:3577",
    default_crs = st_crs(4326),
    ylim = c(-43, -10)
  ) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Australia Albers Projection",
    subtitle = "A projection optimized for Australia"
  ) +
  theme(
    plot.title.position = "plot"
  )

ggsave(
  plot = g,
  filename = here::here("geocomputation", "images",
                        "crs_projections_22.png"),
  height = 1200,
  width = 1800,
  units = "px"
)
Figure 22: Australia Albers Projection